If you have a Mac OS X Leopard on an Intel platform, and you are interested in installing mod_python using your default apache setup and the python that comes with the Framework, even more if you want to give PyCAPTCHA a try together with mod_python, then check out this post! I’m covering also the installation of required libraries for PyCAPTCHA under Leopard (FreeType2, libjpeg, PIL)

mod_python

Compile mod_python

If you have Apple’s Xcode installed, compiling mod_python for Leopard to use with the system provided versions of httpd, python, etc. should be as simple as running these commands:


$ mkdir -p ~/mod_python
$ cd ~/mod_python
$ svn co http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/quetzalcoatl/mod_python/trunk mod_python-trunk
$ cd mod_python-trunk
$ ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs
$ make
$ sudo make install
$ cd test/
$ python test.py

(original source: http://www.modpython.org/pipermail/mod_python/2008-March/025012.html)

Configure Apache to load mod_python

Open /private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf with your favorite editor and add the following line:


LoadModule python_module libexec/apache2/mod_python.so


Example of how to configure Apache to load a mod_python application

This is just an example, I recommend reading the mod_python manual for more information.

Open /private/etc/apache2/users/username.conf with your favorite editor and add:

Alias / "/Users/username/htdocs/"
<Directory "/Users/username/htdocs/">
    SetHandler python-program
    PythonHandler mod_python.publisher
    # Disable following line when in production
    PythonDebug On
    <Files ~ "\.(gif|jpg|png|ico|js|css)$">
        SetHandler default-handler
    </Files>
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
</Directory>

Restart Apache with the command below:

$ /usr/sbin/apachectl restart

PyCAPTCHA

In order to build and install PyCAPTCHA you’ll need to compile, or make sure that you have these required libraries:

• FreeType2
• libjpeg
• PIL (Python Imaging Library)

Let’s see how to set up these libraries under a Leopard / Intel environment.

FreeType2

This library is required for PyCAPTCHA, as far as I know it is already installed with the SDK, to check the directory where the library is installed use the command:

$ locate libfreetype.dylib

A version of this library should appear under /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk/usr/X11/

libjpeg

Download jpeg source and uncompress it in any directory, e.g. ~/jpeg-6b then:


$ cd ~/jpeg-6b
$ chmod -R 777 *
$ ./configure


Edit Makefile and change the following line from:

    CFLAGS= -O2 -I$(srcdir)

to:

    CFLAGS= -arch ppc -arch i386 -arch ppc64 -arch x86_64 -O2 -I$(srcdir)

Finally, build and install:

$ make
$ sudo make install-lib

PIL

Download PIL source and uncompress it in any directory, e.g. ~/imaging-1.1.6 then:


$ cd ~/imaging-1.1.6


Edit setup.py and change the following lines from:

    FREETYPE_ROOT = None

to (note that I’m using the FreeType2 directory discovered previously with the locate command):

    FREETYPE_ROOT = libinclude("/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk/usr/X11/")

and then following line from:

    JPEG_ROOT = None

to:

    JPEG_ROOT = libinclude("/usr/local")

Locate these lines:
from distutils import sysconfig
from distutils.core import Extension, setup
from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext

And add the following lines (correctly indented from column 0):

OrigExtension = Extension
def Extension(*args, **kwargs):
    extra_args = ['-arch', 'ppc', '-arch', 'ppc64', '-arch', 'i386', '-arch', 'x86_64']
    kwargs['extra_compile_args'] = extra_args + kwargs.get('extra_compile_args', [])
    kwargs['extra_link_args'] = extra_args + kwargs.get('extra_link_args', [])
    return OrigExtension(*args, **kwargs)

Now proceed to compile and install the library:

$ sudo python setup.py install

Install PyCAPTCHA

Now you are ready to build and install PyCAPTCHA. Checkout the source code from this link and run the following command:

$ sudo python setup.py install

That’s it!

image source

Introduction

Here you have the first part of my experience on installing Asterisk PBX with an Intel X100P clone FXO to allow my extensions to make (and receive) phone calls to the telco line.

Hardware

Though Digium (the Asterisk developer) recommends a Pentium 3 based PC as the minimum requirements to run a home PBX, I did it using a really old AMD K6-2 500 with 128Mb DIMM and a 4200rpm 3.5Gb hard disk, and it seems to do the job just fine considering the ultra-low traffic I’m having (only 4 extensions and they’re not using it all the time). If you’re planning to use it as a full PBX with dozens of extensions, be more generous on hardware.

If you’re just starting on Asterisk and you’re wondering about if your old modem would work to connect your PBX to the telco, let me explain you some basic things before move on.

To connect your PBX to the telco line you’ll need an FXO card. As Asterisk is a free and open-source project, one of Digium’s ways to get funds is selling propietary cards to do this job, but when the project started they were using some standard 56K modem/fax and they are still supported, but not every modem will work.

As stated here, to use a modem as a FXO you’ll need one of these chipsets:

• Intel 537PG and 537PU
• Ambient MD3200
• Motorola 62802

I’m using one with the Ambient MD3200 chipset, and works pretty good. These modems will provide you with a single port to connect it to a single line, but if you need more lines you could add more cheap modems, or just buy a real FXO multiline analog card or even an E1/T1 card which supports digital telephony channels, but these boards are out of the scope of this tutorial.

Choosing the right installation

You have two options to install Asterisk on your hardware: install everything separately by hand, or just download AsteriskNOW. AsteriskNOW is a Linux distribution which installs by default an Asterisk PBX along with its GUI. I’ve installed Asterisk by hand, as AsteriskNOW refused to install on my K6-2 because my “CPU too old for this kernel”.

I’ve tried this installation procedure on both Debian 4 rc3 and Ubuntu 8.04 desktop, and worked the same on both.

First of all, install the Linux of your choice. If you got old hardware as I do, then I’ll recommend you Debian 4 NetInstall, because it will install just the software you want and will not fill your system memory with unused daemons. If your hardware is new (say an Intel Core2Duo or such) then go for Ubuntu, as it got more hardware support than Debian.

Once you’ve your server up and running, open a console and do lspci (if you don’t have it installed, do “aptitude install pciutils” as root), and you will see something like:

00:0a.0 Communication controller: Tiger Jet Network Inc. Tiger3XX Modem/ISDN interface

If everything is OK, then move on to the next step.

Installing Asterisk

This guide was taken from Chad’s Blog, and is a great step-by-step guide to install Asterisk from source. If you do copy+paste of the following code lines inside a terminal window you’ll have almost a zero-effort installation.

First of all, you need to be root. Do “sudo su“, insert your password, and then install the compiler packages:

apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential automake autoconf bison flex libtool libncurses5-dev libssl-dev subversion

Now it’s time to download Asterisk, Zaptel (X100P driver) and Asterisk’s libraries LibPri:

wget http://downloads.digium.com/pub/asterisk/releases/asterisk-1.4.21.2.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.digium.com/pub/zaptel/releases/zaptel-1.4.12.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.digium.com/pub/libpri/releases/libpri-1.4.7.tar.gz
tar xfvz zaptel-1.4.12.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
tar xfvz asterisk-1.4.21.2.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
tar xfvz libpri-1.4.7.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

Start the compilation scripts of the three packages:

cd /usr/src/zaptel-1.4.12
./configure
make
make install
make config
cd ../libpri-1.4.7
make
make install
cd ../asterisk-1.4.21.2/
./configure
make
make install
make samples

And finally it’s time to install Asterisk GUI. This GUI will make your Asterisk configuration a piece of cake, and you’ll need it to follow the part 2 of this tutorial:

cd /usr/src/
svn co http://svn.digium.com/svn/asterisk-gui/branches/2.0 asterisk-gui
cd asterisk-gui
./configure
make
make install

Basic configuration

Once you have everything compiled and installed, you can do “make checkconfig” at the prompt. You’ll see some warnings, because you need to make a couple changes in the configuration files to start Asterisk.

Always as root, go to /etc/asterisk and make sure these lines exists and are uncommented:

In http.conf:
enabled = yes
enablestatic = yes
bindaddr=0.0.0.0

In manager.conf:
enabled = yes
webenabled = yes
bindaddr=0.0.0.0

Also in manager.conf you should create an admin account to access the GUI:

[admin]
secret = yourpasswordhere
read = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,config
write = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,config

Finally, add the following to your /etc/rc.local file to load Zaptel driver and Asterisk at startup:

modprobe zaptel
modprobe ztdummy
asterisk –g

Now it’s time to run Asterisk for the first time. Reboot your server to make sure everything is loaded and working. If there were no FXO port detected, do:

ztscan > /etc/asterisk/ztscan.conf

And reboot again.